The incidence of HIV in Mozambique is still high and causes thousands of deaths every year. Most studies in Mozambique were conducted retrospectively, and there is still no data on the main surgical diseases affecting patients with HIV. We do not even know what the possible risk factors of these diseases. The research aim is to learn the surgical pathologies and main associated factors affecting HIV-infected patients. Particular attention should be paid to the clinical monitoring of patients to deliver the correct and timely follow-up in order to improve the patients’ prognosis.